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29.12.2011
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04.02.2012
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Thai Economy
The most economically developed in the Central District. In Bangkok and its vicinity for the majority of industrial enterprises, banks, trading firms and transportation facilities. By the Central Plains are associated with the most fertile land in Thailand. Here grow rice, sugarcane, maize, cassava.
Economic development of North-East constrained by marginal soils, relatively dry climate and lack of financial resources. Despite the implementation of state programs of road construction and improvement of water supply and strengthening of social services, to overcome the backwardness of the region can not, and it is the poorest in the country.
In northern Thailand only in valleys between mountains are the conditions for agricultural production. It has long been the main product is a timber, but in relation to the spread of agriculture and excessive logging, forested area has decreased substantially. Currently on public lands, industrial logging is prohibited.
In the south there are many small fishing harbors. Through the main local ports of Songkhla and Phuket are conducted foreign trade. The main products of this region - rubber and tin.
Since the 1970s, average annual growth rate of the economy accounted for about 7%, and in some years reached 13%. Gross national product per capita in 1997 was estimated ca. $ 2,800 In 1997 the baht fell by over-indebtedness of the state, which led to a significant decline in production.
Energy is heavily dependent on imported oil. In 1982 the share of oil accounted for 25% of imports. This figure fell to 8.8% in 1996 due to a general expansion of imports. The energy crisis caused by rising prices for fuel oil, and forced the Thai government to seek alternative approaches. The most significant results yielded the discovery of offshore deposits of natural gas and hydropower development. In the mid-1990s, dependence on imported oil has risen again.
Most settlements in Thailand were electrified (except those located in remote areas). In the electric power consumption is clearly expressed in the metropolitan area of Bangkok hegemony.
Agriculture. Since the mid-1970s there was a decrease the role of agriculture, which was established in 1996, only 10% of national income to 34% in 1973. Nevertheless, the industry satisfies domestic demand for food. Approximately a third of the country is arable land, half of which is reserved for rice crop. Farms are suffering from lack of land, but in the period after World War II, they were able to achieve a gradual increase in grain yield. Since the early 1980s, Thailand was the world's largest exporter of rice, and at the end of the 1990s, the gross collection of rice (22 million tonnes) took 6th place in the world.
Government measures aimed at diversifying the sectoral structure of agricultural production in the 1970s, have contributed to increased yields and an increase in sales abroad of some agricultural commodities, including cassava, sugarcane, maize and pineapples. Rise, though slow, was observed in kauchukovodstve. All this has allowed the Thai economy is less painful to respond to fluctuations in world rice prices. A substantial amount is also grown cotton and jute.
Livestock plays a subordinate role. For plowing the fields contain the buffalo, which are gradually replacing the relatively inexpensive means of mechanization. Most farmers are bred for meat pigs and chickens, with particularly intense growth of the poultry industry took place in 1970-1980's. In the Northeast growing cattle for sale has long been an important source of income for local residents.
Fishery. In the diet of Thai fish is the main source of protein. For rural residents are especially important freshwater fish and crustaceans, which are caught and even throw in paddy rice fields, canals and reservoirs. Since the 1960s, sea fishing has become one of the leading sectors of the economy. Since the late 1980s, has acquired great importance to shrimp akvafermah. In the late 1990s to catch seafood Thailand ranks 9th in the world (about 2.9 million tons).
Forestry. In the forests of Thailand are many valuable trees with hard wood, including teak.The export of teak was banned in 1978, and at the same time contribute more recently an important industry in the creation of national income declined to 1.6%. However, timber production has decreased slightly, which led in 1989 to take urgent legislative measures to restrict their almost complete. Nevertheless, illegal logging continues, including in order to expand the area of agricultural land and settlements. Back in the late 1980s, the protected forest lands were about 5 million people.
Mining industry. Its share in GDP is only about 1.6%, but the industry remains a significant source of export currency earnings. Thailand is one of the leading suppliers of tin and tungsten on the world market. In small amounts are produced and some other minerals, including such gems as rubies and sapphires. In the 1980s in the coastal waters started to develop natural gas fields.
The manufacturing industry has developed at a rapid pace in the 1990s and became the most important sector of the economy, which was established in 1996, almost 30% of GDP.Developed industries such as electronics, petrochemicals, assembly of motor vehicles, jewelry.
In the 1960-1970-ies have textile and food industry (including the production of soft drinks, frozen shrimp and canned seafood.) Continuing growth in the output of tobacco products, plastics, cement, plywood and automobile tires. The population of Thailand is engaged in traditional handicrafts - wood carvings, silk production and varnish products.
Foreign trade. In the period from 1952 to 1997, Thailand experienced a permanent trade deficit, which had to be covered by income from foreign tourism and foreign loans. At the end of the Cold War began to receive loans primarily from foreign private banks and investors.Until 1997 Thailand was regarded as a reliable and attractive country for investment, but then, this reputation has been undermined by the crisis, were caused by the accumulated debt and the decline of exports.
Due to development in the 1990s, export industries, Thailand is now less dependent on supplies to the world market their agricultural products, which generates approx. 25%. Main exports - computers and components, integrated circuits, electrical transformers, jewelry, clothes, fabrics and various products made of plastic, tin, fluorspar, zinc ore, agricultural products (rice, rubber, tapioca, sorghum, kenaf, jute) and seafood. Imports consist mainly of machinery and equipment, consumer goods, petroleum and petroleum products.
Exports leveled primarily in the U.S., second place is Japan. Last is the main supplier of goods for the domestic market of Thailand. The bulk of investment coming from the U.S. and Japan.
Transportation. Railways of Thailand have a length of approx. 4 thousand miles and connect Bangkok with major cities in the north and north-east, as well as Malaysia and Singapore. The developed system of roads (total length of over 70 sq km) allows you to reach every corner of Thailand. Of great importance to internal communication has water river transport, which provides approx. 60% of the traffic. Through the international airport in Bangkok, Thailand is associated with many countries in Europe, Asia, America and Australia, daily scheduled flights. There are regular flights to many cities in the country. Major seaports - Bangkok, Sattahip, Phuket, Songkhla, Kantang. Most of the imports and exports pass through the port of Bangkok.
The city. The largest city in the country - Bangkok. Its metropolitan area includes, in addition to the capital, located on the east coast r.Chao Praia, the city of Thonburi on its west coast and a few suburban areas. In 1995 there lived 6547 thousand people, or more than 60% of the urban population. Unusually rapid growth experienced since the late 1980s, the city of Chonburi, the center of the steel and sugar industries, located on the coast of the Gulf of Siam in the relative proximity of the capital. Chiang Mai, which is second in population only Bangkok - the center of political, economic and cultural life of Northern Thailand. It is the administrative center of the homonymous province and a former capital of the ancient Thai kingdom. Nakhon Ratchasima, also known as Korat - the largest economic and administrative center of the east, an important junction of railways and highways. Another shopping center is successfully developing in the east - Ubon Ratchathani. In southern Thailand, near the border with Malaysia, Hat Yai city stands. It is situated on the railway Bangkok - Singapore is a hub for local production of rubber plantations, exports to Malaysia.
See also
Weather in Thailand
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Currency of Thailand
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Map of Thailand
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Religion in Thailand
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Politics in Thailand
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Thai Cuisine
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Fruits of Thailand
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Thailand's economy
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Demography
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The population of Thailand
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Military Service
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Languages
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The flora of Thailand
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Fauna of Thailand
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Water, rivers and seas
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Geology and topography of Thailand
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Flights to Thailand
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Calls, mobile phones in Thailand
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Search of the real estate
Exchange rates
1 USD = 30.10 THB
1 EUR = 39.87 THB
1 RUR = 0.98 THB
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