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29.12.2011
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04.02.2012
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Geology and topography
To the relief of Thailand is characterized by alternating elongated in the meridional direction ranges from alluvial plains, highlands and plateaus.
Mountains border the western and north-western parts of the country. Particularly high and difficult mountain ranges near the border with Burma. Here, stretched smooth low ridges, which are a continuation of the Shan Plateau. They pass through the western part of Thailand to the south to Malaysia. The major mountain ranges - Khunthan, Tanen-taundzhi the north-west and Biluak-Tuang in the south-west. These mountains are composed mainly of limestone and granite. The average height of about 1,600 m above sea level. The highest peaks relate to the mountain system Khunthan. This - Doi-Intanon (2576 m), and Kaomachan (2012 m). To the north-east of the mountains gradually lower their height rarely exceeds 1100-1200 m, but closer to the border with Laos reappear hill.
The central part of the country is vast lowland Menamskaya - only in Thailand, a large alluvial plain. Its surface is gradually decreased from the northern highlands to the sea. From the north, east and west it is bordered by a narrow belt of the foothills, and on the south by the Gulf of Siam. Near Bangkok and it rises above sea level of 1.5-2 m in the form of beach ridges.Menamskaya plain occurs continuously at sea, as the rivers fill their deposits Gulf of Siam.Delta pushed into the sea about 2-3 meters per year.
From the east to the lowlands adjacent Menamskoy vast plateau Korat. These two regions are separated by a small hill Petchabun and Paya, the average height of which is 120-130 m, only a few peaks reach 1200 m. The plateau descends gently to the eastern border of the country. Along the border with Cambodia are drawn low mountain ranges Dangrek. The average height of the plateau is less than 200 m.
From the south the plateau is bordered by low mountains Kardamonovye. Here the calcareous rocks of various colors are replaced by granite cliffs. Coastal zone of the Malay Peninsula formed the plains and in the central part are mountain ranges. The coastline in the west of the peninsula is strongly indented in many places almost to the sea rise the mountains of Phuket. East Coast more equal, with smooth contours of shoreline.
Nedra Thailand rich in various minerals: tin, iron, manganese, tungsten, lead, zinc, molybdenum, copper, titanium ores, brown coal, bituminous shales, antimony, precious and semiprecious stones.
The peculiarities of the relief of Thailand decided to subdivide into five geographic regions: North Highlands, Central Plain, north-east plateau, south-east and south peninsular region.Northern Highlands has submeridionally oriented high mountain ranges, folded limestone.Particularly high and difficult mountain ranges in the north-west, where the highest point, Mount Inthanon (2,600 m). The ridge forms the watershed between Tanentaundzhi pool r.Chauphraya (Menam), formed by the merger of four rivers (Ping, Wang, Yom and Nan), and a swimming pool r.Saluin (most of it flows through Myanmar). To the east lies a vast area of upland Fipannam with an average elevation 1100-1200 m to the south the mountains drop off and give way to the plains.
The central plain is a large part of the country, stretching from north to south for 400 km and from west to east for 200 km. It is composed of alluvial deposits of the river Chao Phraya River, Mekhlong, Bangpakong and others fertile delta r.Chao Phraya is Thailand's rice granary. This river is an important waterway and is navigable during the wet season to the town Nakhonsavan. The bed Chauphrai deepened to 8.5 m in the area from the mouth to Bangkok, where was built a seaport capable of accommodating large vessels.
North-East plateau, or Korat Plateau, has a undulating surface average height of 185 m, and is bordered in places vsholmleno Dongphrayafay low mountains in the west, and Sankampheng Dangrek in the south. Plateau stretches from west to east for 400 miles and is drained by rivers basin-moon, right tributary of the Mekong, the Mekong itself on the border of Thailand and Laos. During the wet season much of the land affected by flooding, and in the dry season - from lack of moisture. Conditions are unfavorable for the development of agriculture, and this area is considered the poorest in the country. Local people have long been engaged in animal husbandry and fisheries latrines (seasonal migration within the Central Plains).
South-eastern region is separated from the rest of the country by mountains in the north and Sankampheng r.Bangpakong in the west. It drops a lot of rainfall in the past have been distributed dense tropical rainforest. Southern region is the Isthmus of Kra to the border with Malaysia. The central mountain range (range of Phuket), shall be cleaned in the meridional direction, divides the two coastal plain: a narrow, discontinuous in the west and wider in the east. The local economy is based on fishing and mining. Thailand has abundant mineral resources. There are commercial deposits of tin, tungsten, manganese, antimony, iron, zinc, lead, lignite, petroleum, shale oil, natural gas, precious and semiprecious stones, barite, fluorite, rock salt.
In the northern part of Thailand most wide spread of tall red soils of savannas, brownish-red soil of tropical dry forest and mountain forest of red and in the valleys of the rivers - alluvial and meadow. In the southern part of Thailand (including the area adjacent to the northern shore of the Gulf of Siam) - lateritic podzolic soil. The most fertile alluvial soils on the floodplains of the Central Plains. Dense clay soils of the delta r.Chauphraya having low permeability, good hold moisture in the rice fields Dike. Behind them followed by the productivity of fine-grained sandy soils developed in the northern plains, particularly in the area of Chiang Mai. In the north-east is dominated by marginal soils.
See also
Weather in Thailand
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Currency of Thailand
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Map of Thailand
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Religion in Thailand
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Politics in Thailand
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Thai Cuisine
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Fruits of Thailand
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Thailand's economy
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Demography
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The population of Thailand
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Military Service
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Languages
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The flora of Thailand
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Fauna of Thailand
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Water, rivers and seas
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Geology and topography of Thailand
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Flights to Thailand
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Calls, mobile phones in Thailand
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Search of the real estate
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